Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
By Mia Demant, MD and Magnus Balslev Avnstorp, MD
Introduction
Non-melanoma skin cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), are among the most common malignancies affecting individuals worldwide. As essential members of the healthcare team, plastic surgery nurses play a vital role in the care and management of patients with these skin cancers.
Most Common Types of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
a. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common type. Typically presents as a pearly or waxy bump with visible blood vessels. Slow-growing and rarely metastasizes.
b. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Presents as a firm, red nodule or scaly patch. More aggressive than BCC, with a higher risk of metastasis.
Diagnosis and treatment
- Skin biopsies: Are performed to confirm diagnosis and determine tumor characteristics.
- Surgical Excision: Removal of the tumor and a margin of healthy tissue (5-10 mm).
- Cryotherapy: Freezing the cancerous tissue with liquid nitrogen.
- Topical Treatments: Creams or gels containing agents that destroy cancer cells.
- Radiation Therapy: Used for larger or inoperable lesions.
- Photodynamic Therapy: Combining light activation with a photosensitizing agent to destroy cancer cells.
- (Mohs Micrographic Surgery: Layer-by-layer removal, preserving healthy tissue while ensuring complete tumor removal. Not commonly performed by plastic surgeons in Denmark).
Nursing Considerations
Nurses play a vital role in patient education, support, and care throughout the treatment journey.
- Patient Education: Explain the diagnosis, treatment options, and potential outcomes to alleviate anxiety.
- Wound Care: Provide guidance on wound management post-surgery, including dressing changes and infection prevention.
- Pain Management: Administer and monitor pain medications as needed.
- Psychosocial Support: Address patient concerns, offer emotional support, and connect patients with resources.
- Prevention Education: Teach patients about sun protection measures to prevent future skin cancers. Encourage patients to perform regular self-examinations and promptly report any changes.
